When Does the Right to Use the ® Symbol Begin?

The R mark is an international symbol showing that a trademark is protected (registered). Turkish trademark law has no explicit provision on the R mark. Trademark filing starts the rights, but since it represents a process, we recommend using the symbol after final registration. No right can be claimed with the R mark on an unregistered trademark. We do not recommend using the ® symbol right after filing the trademark application, because there is always a chance the mark can be refused. Instead, we recommend using the ® symbol after receiving the trademark registration certificate.